Get values / Rendering of fields in Drupal 7

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// Those are wrong ways to do this.
$body = $node->body['und'][0]['value'];
$body = $node->body['en'][0]['value'];
$body = $node->body[LANGUAGE_NONE][0]['value'];
$body = $node->body[LANGUAGE_NONE][0]['safe_value'];
 
// THE RIGHT WAY.
// You start the regular way, with loading the entity you want to use.
$node = node_load($nid);
 
// Get renderable array.
$output = field_get_items('node', $node, 'field_name');
// Get raw values.
$output = field_view_field('node', $node, 'field_name');
 
// Raw value of a field, using "value" as an example. If the field is a term reference the value key is "tid" for an example.
$field = field_get_items('node', $node, 'field_name');
$field_first_value = $field[0]['safe_value'];
$field_first_value = $field[0]['tid'];
 
// Render field with default settings.
echo render(field_view_field('node', $node, 'field_name'));
 
// Render field without label.
echo render(field_view_field('node', $node, 'field_name', array('label' => 'hidden')));
 
// IN PROGRESS...
Programming Language: PHP